Extraction and Concentration Comparison of Dyeing Behavior of Orange dye on Lyocell Fabric S

Natural dyes are widely considered for their environmental properties and ease of use. In this study, Lyocell fabrics were dyed with natural dyes, extracted by peeling oranges, and evaluated comparatively based on color efficiency (K/S), CIE Lab values, and fastness. Re-infer minerals using metal (II) sulfates and copper sulfate (II). In order to extract the dye, the standard technique of water extraction is used. The dyeing effect of Lyocell fabric was checked at 2% and 4% by the method of pre-immersion and postimmersion. The study found that this seasoning affects the efficiency of the color of the fabric dyed with orange peel. All dyed samples showed better, better color efficiency (K/S: 4.57) at 4% concentration levels during the postmordanting processing (K/S: 4.57), color fastness of washing, light, and friction, and sweat. In general, the postmordanting method at the 4% concentration level has a significant effect on color efficiency and color fastness characteristics.


I. INTRODUCTION
ince 1856, the use of synthetic dyes has opened enormous benefits to apply depth colors to the textiles due to their light weight, ease of processing, quite lower costs, and moderate-to-excellent color fastness properties [1]. However, their discarding process and petroleum source products have created severe hazardous to our environment due to their nonbiodegradable nature [2]. As a result, many countries have banned the use of various azo-based dyes (-N-) for their applications and manufacturing [3]. Substituting conventional synthetic dyes with natural dyes is an attractive interest to mitigate the problems mentioned above [4,5]. Natural dyes hold great potential for sustainability, offering the possibility of renewability, biodegradable, and anti-allergic from harmful additives [6,7]. Moreover, they have a massive worth in the perspective of deteriorating conventional synthetic polymers and global warming associated with it [8]. Therefore have not any ecological issues. The natural dyes have been used for the coloring of textiles materials since the Bronze Age [9]. However, in this modern era, their applications and comprehensive usage have been developed towards UV protective clothing, antimicrobial finishing, food colorations, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. [10]. Moreover, the interest and demand in natural dyes are continuously increasing for the reason that it does not implicate any active acerbic and alkalis in their uses and fabrications [11]. The dyes which are derived from natural sources are known to be natural dyes [12]. They are colorants that are attained without applying any chemicals. Natural dyes have limitations of fastness like the yield of color, reproducibility in results, complicated dying procedure, and mixing [13]. Moreover, the dyes also have poor fastness as they have a very low affinity towards fibers [14]. Therefore mordants are applied with colors to increase the relationship with fibers for commercial production applications [15]. Mordants employ a significant role in giving actual color to the textiles. Mordant is an ingredient that produces not only chemical reactions but also bonds between dyes and fabrics. [16]. It also improves the color application performance of dyes and fibers by increasing attractiveness [20]. It gives different shades when applied in different percentages. Hence deliver an extensive variability of color shades with suitable intensities of colorfastness [17]. Lyocell is a regenerated cellulosic fiber prepared from wood pulp and is an fantastic natural fabric that specifies a high point in the progress of green sustainable textile [18]. Orange is one of the most common and famous fruit in the world, which yearly yield over 100 million tons [19]. Moreover, orange peel (OP), i.e., a shell of the orange fruit is the bioresource wastage and present in abundance [20]. The bright orange color extracted from OP generally originates from phenolic compounds and increases with its concentration [21]. Additionally, it has antimicrobial and UV-protection properties and for that reason, could be used as a natural dye or textile. In this study, Lyocell fabrics were dyed with natural dyes extracted from orange peel. Besides, two agents (ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate) should be used to evaluate their excellent application in the use of Lyocell fabrics. the oranges and washed with water for the removal of the dust or other for the fore. The washed peels were dried in the oven for 20 hours at the temperature of 30 c messily; the dried peels were achieved for the extraction process by the grinder machine. Figure 1 has delineated both of raw materials. 5) Equipment: Weight balance, water bath, Soxhlet extractor, water bed, empty oven, tint color.
Washed Peels Dried Grinded Figure 1 Preparation of Orange peel powder B Methods 1) Extraction of Natural Dyes: Water extraction is used to extract dyes from orange peel (OP). 10 g OP powder was taken from a round flask. The same container contains 200 ml of distilled water. Besides, maintain a 1:20 material ratio to liquor (M.L.R). In a water bath, the flask is heated for 1 hour at a temperature of 90 degrees C. After the dye is extracted, the solution is filtered through Whatman filter paper for the dyeing process.   Table 2 has shown the overall color shade and L*, a*, b*, C* and h* values. It has indicated that lower value of L* has darker shades, and a higher value of L* has lighter shade for Lyocell and likewise negative values of a*and b* denoted green and blue [40]. Furthermore, the highest color value (K/S = 4.56) was obtained with ferrous sulfate at 4% concentration in the post-mordanting method and lowest color value (K/S = 0.17) with copper sulfate at 4% concentration same in the post-mordanting method. The experimental outcomes indicated that the OP dye using ferrous sulfate in the postmordanting method with a concentration amount of 4% had delivered excellent results on Lyocell fabric.   Extracted dye from orange peel has contributed proper washing, light, rubbing, and perspiration fastness properties with ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate on Lyocell fabric. Figure 3 (a) reveals the light fastness of Lyocell fabric, orange peel, and light ferrous sulphate and copper sulfate dyed 2%. It has been [16] observed that ferrous sulfate has excellent luminic stiffness than copper sulfate. Through ferrous sulfate, the color does not change and the color does not fade. In Figure 3(b), after dyeing sulfates with a concentration of 4%, the highest luminous degree (4)(5) is available in the post-Mordanting method, while the lightness of copper sulfate is lowest at 2% (3)(4)(5).

1) Light Fastness:
The results show that the sulfates, which are suitable for dyeing by post-Mordanting method, are ideal for the medium concentration of 4%. Compared with copper sulfate, sulfate has the highest washing fastness value. However, at a concentration of 4%, the result is better (4)(5). With copper sulfate, the result is the lowest value (3)(4), especially at a concentration of 2%. There is a slight change in color for all samples (4)(5). Figure 4 (b) also shows that the chemical ferrous sulfate is much better in copper sulfate at a concentration of 4%.

IV. CONCLUSION
In this study, Lyocell fabrics were dyed with orange peel. The dye is extracted from the orange peel by water extraction. The color strength and washing, light, and friction fastness characteristics of Lyocell fabric were analyzed by two agents, [17] sulfate and copper sulfate. The effect of Chroma was evaluated using the pre-Mordanting method and post-Mordanting method, respectively, by concentrations of 2% and 4%. Both animals showed good results in Lyocell fabrics. ferrous sulfate, however, is better than copper sulfate. Overall results showed that iron sulfate was a better choice for Lyocell fabrics in post-Mordanting with a concentration of 4%. It also has good coloring efficiency (K/S: 4.56), and washing (4-5), light (5), friction (3)(4) and sweat (4)(5). Also, Lyocell fabrics dyed with natural orange peel contribute to environmental safety and enhanced human health.

IV. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The study was supported by the Central University Foundation for Basic Research (No. 17D310503) and the National Natural Science Foundation (No. 51403032).